Tinjauan Ekonomi Islam Atas Pengelolaan dan Pembelanjaan Harta Perempuan

Abstract

In Indonesia, the role of women in the economy is becoming increasingly significant, with a growing number of women serving as the primary breadwinners for their families. Empirical evidence shows that women have taken on vital roles in wealth management and empowerment, not only within the domestic sphere but also in business activities ranging from cottage industries to large-scale enterprises. This article examines how women manage and expend wealth (tasharruf) within the framework of Islamic Economics (Fiqh Muamalah). Jurists (fuqaha) agree that regarding compensatory contracts (akad mu‘āwaḍah), women hold the same rights as men in managing and spending their wealth. However, regarding gratuitous contracts (akad tabarru’), the majority of jurists (Jumhur)—including the Hanafi, Shafi'i, and Hanbali schools—maintain that a wife possesses absolute freedom and independence to manage her wealth in both compensatory and gratuitous contracts without needing her husband’s consent. This majority view is supported by contemporary scholars such as Wahbah al-Zuḥaylī, ‘Abd al-Karīm Zaydān, Ibn Bāz, and Ḥusām al-Dīn, as well as fatwa institutions like Islam Web and Dār al-Iftā al-Miṣriyyah. Some scholars classify the hadith that limits women's financial management as weak (da'if). Even if considered authentic (sahih), scholars like al-Khattabi, Imam Shafi'i, and al-Bayhaqi interpret it as a recommendation for maintaining marital harmony (husn al-‘ushra) rather than a legal obligation.